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Author: horak Attorneys at law

German Commercial law, Company law, Agent law, Business law, Corporate law, Finance law, Sales representatvive law, Transport law, Shipping law, CSIG, INCOTERMS, Tax law, European Commercial law

Recent Developments in German Commercial Law and Related Fields

1. Commercial Law (Handelsrecht) 2. Freight Forwarding and Logistics Law (Speditionsrecht und Logistikrecht) 3. Maritime and Shipping Law (Seehandelsrecht) 4. Customs Law (Zollrecht) Summary These cases and regulatory changes highlight the evolving nature of German commercial, logistics, and customs law. They underscore the importance of compliance, particularly for businesses involved in cross-border trade, storage, and…
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Commercial Terminology

You may have already noticed that when talking about business many terms like enterprise, business and company are often been used as synonyms. But are those really all the same terms? What shall you unterstand by each of those individual terms? Which legal differences shall you be informed about? If you are talking about  an…
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Corporate Criminal Law in Germany

Doing business in Germany? You should better know what corporate criminal law is all about. Economic or corporate criminal law is the collective term for all criminal provisions that criminalise offences in the area of the economy. It is the state’s response to economic crime and it serves to protect the structure of the economic…
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Introduction to the German Commercial Code: HGB

How is the Commercial Code structured? The most important legal source of commercial law is the Commercial Code (HGB). In addition, the general provisions of the German Civil Code (BGB) also apply. The Commercial Code comprises a total of five books and is structured as follows: Book I (§§ 1-104a HGB) includes, among other things,…
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AGB – General Terms and Conditions in Germany

What should you know about the GTC Regulation in Germany? General terms and conditions (GTC) are all pre-formulated contractual terms for a number of contracts which one contracting party (user) provides to the other contracting party when concluding a contract, according to section 305 (1) sentence 1 of the German Civil Code (BGB). GTCs are…
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Commercial and Business Law Experts: Who Are They 

Commercial and Business Law Experts: Who Are They  Commercial Law is a very interdisciplinary field of law. The business law degree programme is very broad, so that the areas of application and fields of activity for graduates vary greatly. By choosing certain focal points during your studies, you can specialise in certain sectors before graduation.…
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Limited commercial authority

Limited commercial authority (German: “Handlungsvollmacht”) authorizes the holder of it to undertake all transactions and legal acts commonly associated with operating a commercial enterprise. The powers of representation pursuant to this authority are limited to the execution of business transactions of the commercial enterprise. The taking out of loans and the conducting of litigation proceedings…
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Commercial law consequences in case of an identity theft – latest BGH Decision

BGH: Unfair commercial act in the case of unauthorised request for payment in the case of identity theft BGH, Judgement from 20.10.2021 – I ZR 17/21 Facts of the case The plaintiff is a consumer protection association registered in the list of qualified entities within the meaning of Section 8 (3) no. 4 UWG. The defendant…
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Commercial law and administrative fines: a case

Today we are talking about an interesting commercial law case discussed at the Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court (Order of 18.03.2021 – 6 W 8/18 -).  The case: Offers on Amazon.de  Amazon.de generally uses an algorithm to arbitrarily illustrate products, so that if for instance an unpacked printer cartridges is offered, this could appear…
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International commercial law in Germany and Europe

International Business allows us to smoothly trade all around the world, export and import products from and to different countries with no restrictions. However, a fundamental aspect is not to be forgotten: once you have entered a foreign territory, you also indirectly agree to enter their legal systems and regulations. The importance of legally compatible…
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